纳米通道内酶组装及其催化反应研究进展

研究酶的组装和催化反应不仅有利于探索生命活动的本质，同时对开发酶在工业合成、分析检测、疾病治疗等领域的实际应用价值具有重要的指导意义. 研究发现，酶的有效固定和有序组装是保持酶活性、酶促反应的稳定性和对酶催化过程进行控制的重要途径，而在纳米通道内进行单酶或多酶的有序组装，利用纳米通道的限域效应可有效保持酶的构型进而提高酶催化反应的选择性和催化效率，增强酶级联反应的动力学进程. 本文概述了近年来基于纳米通道的酶反应器在生物传感领域的研究进展，着重描述纳米通道限域空腔内酶的组装方法、酶催化反应及其动力学机制，并展望了基于纳米通道的酶反应器的应用前景.

Recent Progresses of Enzymes Assembled in Nanochannels for Catalytic Reaction

The research of enzymes assembled and catalytic reaction not only is beneficial to exploit the essences of life’s activities, but also is significant in developing the practical application of enzymes in these areas including industrial production, analysis and detection, treatment of disease, etc. The effective immobilization and ordered assembly of enzymes are important methods for maintaining the catalytic activity, catalytic reaction stability and catalytic process controllability of enzymes. Among them, single or multi-enzymes are immobilized orderly in nanochannels that exhibit unique features and advantages, accordingly, the confinement effect of nanochannels can increase the selectivity and catalytic efficiency of enzymes through keeping the configuration. This paper mainly focuses on the recent development of enzymes reactors based on nanochannels in the areas of biosensors. The methods such as enzymes immobilization, enzymes catalytic reaction and mechanism of enzymes catalytic reaction kinetics are summarized. Moreover, the application prospect of enzymes catalytic reaction in nanochannels is envisioned.