太阳能海水脱盐中光热材料与蒸发装置的研究进展

用于海水脱盐的太阳能界面蒸发装置因其绿色环保、简单高效以及适用范围广等优点，受到了广泛关注。与传统的体积式蒸发装置不同，太阳能界面蒸发装置将太阳光的收集和蒸汽的产生锁定在空气-水的界面，无需从底部加热整体水来产生蒸汽，极大提高了能源利用效率。本文详细介绍了太阳能界面水蒸发装置的重要组成部分——光热材料的光热转换机理、材料种类以及材料的性能；探讨了高效海水净化太阳能蒸发装置的设计策略(增强光吸收、充足水供应、耐盐排盐等)。在此基础上，总结了基于界面蒸发中的太阳能蒸发装置的研究进展，展望了新型太阳能蒸发装置在海水净化领域的发展前景。

Research progress of photothermal materials and evaporation devices in solar desalination

Interfacial solar evaporation devices for desalination have attracted significant attention due to their eco-friendliness, simplicity, high efficiency, and versatility. In contrast to traditional volumetric evaporation devices, interfacial solar evaporation devices confine the collection of sunlight and steam generation to the air-water interface, avoiding the need to heat the entire water volume from the bottom to generate vapor, thus greatly improving energy utilization efficiency. This paper details the photothermal conversion mechanisms, types, and performance of the photothermal materials, which are one of the important components of interfacial solar vapor generators. Then, the device design strategies for efficient seawater purification are thoroughly discussed, including the enhancement of light absorption, the supply of sufficient water, and the resistance and elimination of salt. Based on these discus- sions, the research progress of interfacial solar evaporation devices is summarized, and the development prospects of novel solar evaporation devices for desalination are anticipated.