多孔硅纳米材料的制备及在高能锂电池中的应用

多孔硅纳米材料具有巨大的比表面积,可调控的物理化学性质,在药物治疗、传感、能源储存与转化等领域拥有巨大的应用前景。尤其在高能量密度锂离子电池领域,多孔硅由于其丰富的孔道结构能有效释放充放电过程中硅体积变化带来的巨大应力以及大大地缩短锂离子传输距离,而引起了人们的广泛研究兴趣。但是,开发简便快速的方法来合成结构可调变的多孔硅纳米材料仍是当前研究的挑战。近年来,一些用来合成多孔硅纳米材料的方法已有报道。我们基于本课题组最近的研究进展和近年来相关文献,比较详细综述了近年来多孔硅纳米材料的制备方法以及重点关注其在高能锂电池领域的应用。最后,对多孔硅纳米材料的未来发展方向做了进一步的展望。

Preparation of Porous Silicon Nanomaterials and Applications in High Energy Lithium Ion Batteries

Porous silicon nanomaterials hold great promise in the fields of drug therapy, sensors and energy storage and conversion due to their high specific surfaces areas and tunable physicochemical properties. Especially in the area of high energy lithium ion batteries, porous silicon has attracted many concerns owning to the abundant pore channels, which will effectively releasing the huge stress that induced by the volume change and shorten the lithium ion transport distance. However, developing rapid and convenient methods for preparing structure tunable porous silicon still remain challenge. In recent years, some feasible strategies have been proposed and developed to synthesize porous silicon. Based on the recent developments, this review detailedly summarizes the current popular approaches that have been employed in the preparation of porous silicon, as well as the applications in high energy lithium ion batteries. Finally, some directions that can further promote the development of porous silicon have also been proposed.