枸橼酸盐抑制泌尿系结石形成的化学基础

本文综述了防石药物枸橼酸及其盐对泌尿系结石形成、抑制和治疗的化学基础，重点讨论了其与钙离子的配位、封闭尿石矿物生长活性位点、抑制草酸钙的成核和生长、增加尿液中尿大分子和枸橼酸浓度、改变尿液pH以及诱导二水草酸钙和三水草酸钙形成，并讨论了抗衡阳离子对枸橼酸盐抑制能力的影响。

Chemical Basis in Inhibition of Urinary Stones by Citric Acid and Its Salts

The progress on the formation, inhibition and therapy of urolithiasis by citric acid (H₃cit) and its salts was reviewed. The chemical basis was discussed in terms of the coordination chemistry between citrate and Ca²⁺ ion, the active growth sites blocking of urinary minerals, the nucleation and growth inhibition of calcium oxalate, the concentrations of urinary macromolecules and urinary H₃cit, the pH value of urines, the induction of the formation of dihydrate and trihydrate calcium oxalate. The effect of the counterions of citric acid on the inhibition activity was also comparatively discussed.