结晶氮化碳的制备与改性策略

石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)是最具代表性的二维有机聚合物半导体材料,其具有可见光响应性能、稳定化学结构和优良的生物相容性等优点,在环境和能源领域有非常广阔的应用前景。但是,普通g-C_3N_4材料的热聚合不完全,其体相和表面的缺陷多,因此光生载流子易复合,光催化活性不高。近年来,高活性结晶氮化碳(CCN)的研究得到了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文总结了目前CCN制备及其改性方法:5种代表性制备方法,包括传统熔盐法、预热熔盐法、固态盐法、溶剂法和质子化法;4种代表性CCN的改性方法,包括缺陷引入、形貌控制、单原子修饰和材料复合。文章重点介绍了 CCN制备原理、结构特征与光催化性能。最后,对CCN的制备与改性方法进行了评价,并对其研究方向进行了展望。

Preparation and Modification of Crystalline Carbon Nitride

As a typical two-dimensional organic polymeric semiconductor photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted much attention due to its visible-light-responsive property, chemical structure stability and excellent biocompatibility, indicating its promising applications in fields of energy and environment. However, there are many defects both in the bulk and on the surface of g-C₃N₄ due to the incomplete polymerization, which become the charge recombination centers, resulting in a poor photoreactivity. Recently, the study on the high-photoreactive crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) has elicited considerable attention. In this mini review paper, typical methods in fabrication of CCN, together with the modification strategies, are summarized. The five methods in synthesizing CCN include traditional molten, precursor-preheated molten, solid salt, solvothermal reaction and protonation synthesis, and the modification strategies include defects engineering, morphology-controlling, single-atom modification and materials hybridization. We mainly focuse on the introduction of principles, structure properties and photocatalytic performances of CCN. Finally, the methods in preparation and modification of CCN are commented, and the study of CCN in the future is also outlooked.