高聚物细观损伤演化的研究进展

聚合物的银纹化损伤与断裂是一个复杂和重要的研究课题。简述了银纹引发的(热)力学条件和银纹成核的微观机理。结合最新的研究进展，对银纹向前扩展的弯月面不稳定机理、银纹增厚的蠕变机理和界面转入机理作了较详细的分析与综合。考虑银纹细观结构中横系的作用，对银纹结构模型、银纹微纤断裂判据、微纤断裂行为的分子量和缠结密度相关性以及银纹与裂纹相互作用等问题进行了较详细的综述。指出银纹生长和断裂的深入研究可望建立材料宏观断裂韧性和材料细观结构以及微观参数之间的关联，为进行材料韧性的微观设计提供一条可行的途径。并对今后这一领域的研究方向和重点进行了展望。 

AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW ON MESO-DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN POLYMERS

The crazing damage and fracture process of polymers is very complicated and important. The thermodynamic or mechanical conditions and micromechanisms of craze initiation in polymers are briefly introduced in this paper. The recent advances in experimental studies and model computations, the meniscus instability mechanism for craze-tip advance, the creep mechanism and surface-drawing mechanism for craze thickening are discussed in detail. The cross-tie fibrils in craze microstructure, the relations between the molecular weight, entanglement density and the craze fracture behavior and the interaction between craze and crack growth are extensively reviewed. It is pointed out that the further studies on craze growth and breakdown can be expected to relate the macroscale fracture toughness, mesoscale structures and microscale material param- eters, thus provide guidance to design the material toughness at microscale level. Meanwhile, the further study and development trends of this field are also outlined.