人工膝关节置换中的生物力学研究进展

膝关节是人全身最大最复杂的关节, 它的任何一个主要组成部分的损坏都会引起膝关 节的反常运动, 久之软骨和半月板发生磨损、变性而形成骨性关节病, 从而影响人的日常生 活. 通常采用的方法是进行膝关节矫形或置换, 对严重病变的膝关节, 则采用全膝置换手术. 随着人工膝关节置换成为非常普遍的外科手术, 与膝关节假体相关的研究也越来越多的被人 所关注. 从生物力学角度对人工膝关节假体的类型和材料、假体生物力学性能的理论和 实验研究、骨重建的理论模型、骨整合的理论和实验、与理论和实验相关的有限元分析模型 等几个主要方面进行了详尽的综述. 同时, 指出了人工膝关节置换和目前研究中存在的问题, 并对其未来的发展方向进行了一定的预测.

ADVANCES IN BIOMECHANICS RELATED WITH ARTIFICIAL KNEE REPLACEMENT

Knee is the biggest and the most complicated joint in human body,whose damage would cause abnormal movement of knee.The joint cartilage and meniscus would be worn out and degenerated,and bony arthrosis would be formed at last.The daily life of the patient would be affected.The most popular treatment is knee orthopaedic or replacement,while the total knee replacement would be adopted for severe damaged knee joint.As the knee replacement becomes the most popular surgery,the researches related to knee prothesis attract more and more attentions.This paper reviews studies on the replacement from biomechanical point of view,including the types and materials of prothesis,the theoretical and experimental study on biomechanical properties of prothesis,theoretical model of bone reconstruction,the theory and experiment of osseointegration, and the related finite element model.The existing problems related to artificial knee replacement are discussed and the future development directions are commented.