磁敏智能软材料及磁流变机理

磁敏智能软材料是一类将微米或纳米尺度的磁性颗粒分散在不同基体中制备而成的多功能复合材料.由于其流变性能在外磁场的调控下可以实现连续、快速、可逆的改变,因此在建筑、振动控制和汽车工业等领域得到了广泛地应用.本文首先介绍了磁敏智能软材料发展历史及分类,分析了不同种类的磁敏智能软材料的特点和存在的科学问题;然后从实验和理论两个方面讨论了磁流变机理的研究现状;最后从实际应用的角度对这类材料未来的发展方向进行了展望. 

Magneto-sensitive smart soft material and magnetorheological mechanism

Magneto-sensitive smart soft materials are a class of multi-functional compos-ite materials prepared by dispersing micrometer or nanometer sized magnetic particles into di®erent carrier matrix. As external magnetic field may control the rheological properties in a continuous, rapid and reversible manner, these materials have wide applications in con-struction, vibration control, automotive industry, etc. In this paper, we first introduce the history and classification of magneto-sensitive smart soft materials, and analyze the charac-teristics and existing scientific issues for di®erent kinds of such materials. Then we discuss the state-of-the-art for experimental and theoretical studies of the magnetorheological mech-anism. Finally, we propose some future trends in this smart material development aiming at practical applications.