利用金属塑性变形原理的碰撞能量吸收装置

1.引言在现代世界上,各种车辆、船舶、飞行器的数量越来越多,速度越来越快,碰撞事故也随之日益增加,每年都要造成严重的生命和财产损失。因此,近20多年来,碰撞问题已引起许多国家的严重关注。解决这个问题的主要途径,是研究与提高各种车辆、船舶、飞行器结构的耐撞性(structural crashworthiness),参见1—4]。同时,在某些特定的工况(例如飞行器的紧急着陆,核电站和高速公路旁重要设施的防护等等)下,已有结构难以满足吸 

IMPACT ENERGY ABSORBING DEVICES BASED UPON THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF METALLIC ELEMENTS

In relation to various impact engineering problems and structural crashworlhi-ness, the energy absorbing devices based upon the plastic deformation of metallic elements are summarized. Simple devices may involve plastic deformation in tension, bending or torsion. As widely applied elements, laterally or axially compressed circular and square tubes are then extensively discussed. It is also shown that metal-forming or metal-working processes may be utilized for the purpose of energy absorption.