针尖的分子生物物理力学研究进展

围绕包括扫描探针显微镜在内的各种探针技术下核酸、蛋白质等生物分子及生物材料的生物 力学与力 - 电耦合实验研究, 较系统地总结了分子层次或纳米尺度下生物分子和材料的力学性能的扫描 探针显微镜、光镊、磁镊等探针技术的实验研究方法和主要进展, 进而探讨了在``针尖'这 个极小、极特殊环境下的分子生物物理力学研究状况.通过介绍借助探针技术研究相关生物 物质的结构、力学、电学等性能以及提出的一些理论模型, 指出探针技术在生物分子（包括 遗传物质和蛋白质）力学性能、纳米生物材料结构及分子仿生等研究中的广泛意义.提出多 场耦合作用下的针尖的生物物理力学研究必定是将来研究的重点；将针尖的分子生物力学的 物理实验研究与分子物理力学理论、计算科学相结合, 发展分子物理力学虚拟实验技术是本 领域的一个重要发展方向.

ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MECHANICS AT PROBE TIPS

The review considers the experiments of biological mechanics with coupling of force and electric field with biological molecules and materials in probe techniques.Experimental methods and main research findings are summarized systemically about the mechanical properties of biological molecules and materials at nano-scale at the tips of scanning probe microscope,optical tweezers,magnetic tweezers and so on.Then the advances in molecular biological and physical mechanics studies in the tiny and super-special environment between the tip and the substrate are discussed.Probe techniques have significant importance in revealing the physical mechanical properties of biological molecules (including DNA and proteins),characterizing the structures of biological materials and for molecular bionics.It is envisaged that molecular biological and physical mechanics studies in the multi-field coupling environments under the probe tips will be an important field for future researches.It is necessary to combine experimental investigations with theoretical analyses and computational simulations in the tip mechanics,and the development in the virtual experimental technique of molecular physical mechanics will be an important trend.