SMA本构模型及其应用的研究进展

形状记忆合金(SMA)是一类应用前景广阔的智能材料系统, 其最基本的宏观响应特性是在不同温度和应力条件下的相变超弹性和形状记忆特性.近年来, 形状记忆合金本构模型发展迅速, 其在工程结构振动控制领域中的研究和应用也得到了广泛地关注.与此同时, 许多学者将SMA用于当前迅速发展的智能材料结构,发展了一系列SMA复合材料本构模型, 成为目前SMA的应用研究的热点.本文针对形状记忆合金本构模型的发展状况, 首先回顾了近年来常用的和新发展的SMA本构模型, 并根据其包含的力学特点和基本理论将其进行了比较归类, 分析了各类模型特点和适用范围;其次从微/宏观角度介绍了有广阔应用前景的SMA智能复合材料的本构模型的发展状况；接着简要的综述了几类较为实用的SMA本构模型在实现结构的主/被控制、变形控制及结构裂纹诊断与控制等方面的应用现状.最后对目前本构模型的发展趋势、工程应用问题提出了一些看法和展望. 

AN OVERVIEW OF THE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Shape Memory Alloy(SMA)is a sort of intelligent material system widely used in many engineering application fields.The basic macroscopic response characteristcs are the pseudoelasticity and the shape memory effect at various temperatures and stress levels.Shape memory alloy constitutive models have developed rapidly and received increasing attention in recent years because of their great potential for the vibration control of engineering structures.Meanwhile,a series of SMA composite contitutive models compatible with the developing composite material become hot topics nowadays and are investigated by many reasearchers.This paper reviews those common SMA constitutive models and newly developed models and classifies them in terms of the mechanical behavior and theoretical basis.And the characteristics and applicability of the models are also compared and analyzed.The developing status of SMA composite constitutive models are introduced from the point of microcosmic and macroscopical view.This paper also presents an overview to the state of the art of some practical SMA constitutive models in the fields of active and passive vibration controls,deformation controls and crack diagnoses and control techniques.Finally,the promising future and engineering applications of SMA constitutive models are discussed.