拓扑互锁结构冲击防护研究及优化设计

拓扑互锁结构是一种通过具有特殊形状的元素（块）彼此啮合拼接组成的整体结构，具有很好的增韧和抗冲击特性．目前对拓扑互锁结构的静荷载分析研究逐渐成熟，而对冲击条件下结构的强度、稳定性等性能分析以及对结构吸能性能的定量分析尚有发展空间；另外，对影响拓扑互锁结构力学性能的因素、结构设计优化等研究也有待完善．本文选择四面体元素拓扑互锁结构，通过ABAQUS有限元仿真软件对其进行冲击试验仿真，得出拓扑互锁结构在冲击作用下的变形机制，探索了元素互锁角度、元素间摩擦对冲击性能的影响；指出结构被冲穿的决定因素为冲击能量而非冲击速度；最后研究了局部榫卯对结构力学性能的影响．结果验证了拓扑互锁结构较好的缓冲吸能特性，同时表明拓扑互锁结构的力学性能是各个因素综合作用的结果，实际应用中可以根据使用场景和功能需求等对拓扑互锁元素进行调整优化．

Impact Mechanics and Optimization of Topological Interlocking Structures

Topological interlocking structure is assembled by meshing elements (blocks) with special shapes, and has good toughness and impact resistance properties. At present, the study of static load-carrying capacity of topological interlocking structure is gradually mature, while the quantitative study of the dynamic strength and stability under the impact loads as well as the energy absorption capacity of topological interlocking structures is still insufficient. In addition, researches on the factors affecting the mechanical properties of topological interlocking structures and the optimization of the structure design need further improvement. In this paper, the topological interlocking structure of tetrahedral elements is selected and simulated by ABAQUS/Explicit to obtain the deformation mechanism of the topological interlocking structure under the impact loading. The effects of the element interlocking angle, the friction coefficient, and the local mortise and tenon on the mechanical properties of the structures are also studied. The results verify that the topological interlocking structure has good cushioning and energy absorption characteristics. It is found that the determining factor of the structure being penetrated is the impact energy rather than the impact velocity. The mechanical properties of the topological interlocking assembly result from the combined effects of various factors, and the topological interlocking elements can be adjusted and optimized according to the usage scenarios and the functional requirements in practical applications.