The numerical simulation of turbulent flows of Newtonian and a sort of non-Newtonian fluid in 180-degree square sectioned bend

Using k- model of turbulence and measured wall functions, turbulent flows of Newtonian (pure water) andasort of non-Newtonian fluid (dilute, drag-reduction solution of polymer) in a 180-degree curved bend were simulated numerically. The calculated results agreed well with the measured velocity profiles. On the basis of calculation and measurement, appropriateness of turbulence model to complicated flow in which the large-scale vortex exists was analyzed and discussed.