冲击拉伸实验装置的研制及其试验研究

材料动力学试验技术远比准静态力学中的复杂,为了模拟各种速率的冲击加载过程,试验装置设计就成为关键问题之一.特别是针对材料动态拉伸性能的测试,目前的冲击拉伸装置还没有统一标准,因此本文基于一维弹性应力波原理设计了一套双气室间接杆-杆型冲击拉伸试验装置.该装置采用了双气室对称布置的方式,通过气体转换器实现气路的转换,克服了现有气动式冲击拉伸设备结构复杂、密封要求严格的缺点.本文利用该装置对2A12T4铝合金试件的冲击拉伸性能进行了测试,并数值分析了应力波在杆系和试件中的传播效应.通过试验测试和数值分析论证了该冲击拉伸装置实验的可靠性和设计的合理性.

The Development and Testing Research of Impact Tensile Testing Apparatus

Since the technology applied in material dynamic experiment is more complicated than that in quasi-static mechanical experiment, so, in order to meet the demands of simulating the process of impact loading at different speeds, the design of experimental device becomes one of the key problems. Especially for the tests of material dynamic tensile properties, there is no uniform standard for impact tensile device. This paper presents a set of double air chamber indirect bar-bar impact tensile testing apparatus designed based on one-dimensional elastic stress wave principle. The device adopts a symmetrical arrangement of double air chamber, at the same time, its gas route conversion is realized by a gas converter, which overcome the shortcomings of complex structure, strict sealing demanding existed in current pneumatic impact tensile equipment. The impact tensile properties of 2A12T4 aluminum specimen were tested by this apparatus, and numerical simulation was used for analyzing the stress wave propagation effect in bar system and specimen. The demonstration of design reasonability and experiment reliability of this impact tensile test device is achieved by experimental measurement and numerical analysis.