圆管流动水击压力波测量及水力计算

为探索水击现象的物理过程和机理,研制了自循环定常流动管路瞬态特性计算机控制试验装置,并利用该装置进行圆管流动水击压力波实验测量。用12只扩散硅压力传感器测定圆管流动水击压力波瞬态分布及最大、最小压力值,由试验数据拟合出水击波波形,揭示了水击压力波传播方式、特性及衰减规律。通过分析随机捕捉测量技术方法,理论上推断出测量数据达到可信精度。在归纳分析试验数据基础上,得出最大压力随关阀时间的关系曲线,对圆管流动直接水击等概念进行了探讨,用数值分析方法拟合出水击最大压力水力计算修正方程式。

Measurement and Hydraulic Calculation of Water Hammer Wave in Pipe Flow

In this article a self-cycled steady tube flow apparatus was designed and built in order to study the physical process and mechanism of water hammer occurrence.The water hammer wave in pipe flow was measured experimentally by this apparatus.With the help of 12 diffuse silicon pressure sensors,the instantaneous distribution of water hammer pressure wave,the maximum and minimum indirect water hammer pressures were detected.Based on the water hammer wave pattern fitted to the experimental data,the propagation types,characters and damping rules of the water hammer wave were revealed.The experimental data were believed to be of high accuracy by using the random measuring method.Based on the experimental investigation,the relation between the maximum indirect water hammer pressure and the time of valve shutdown was established,some concepts in direct water hammer were discussed,and finally a modified water hammer pressure equation was presented.