基于机动目标滤波估计的航天器主动规避策略

随着空间操控技术的发展, 航天器在轨安全问题日益受到重视.具有主动机动能力的航天器对目标航天器的自主接近严重威胁航天器的在轨安全.航天器近距离追逃博弈时,相对位置、速度、加速度等状态获取是追逃双方博弈策略形成的基础.本文在追逃双方信息获取不完全的情况下,提出了基于机动目标滤波估计与最大化视线偏转率的主动规避逃脱策略.追逃双方航天器基于当前统计模型滤波算法获得对方的相对位置、速度、加速度等导航信息.追踪航天器采用比例导引律自主接近逃逸航天器.逃逸航天器计算相对于追踪航天器的视线方向及视线偏转率,采用基于最大化视线偏转率的主动规避策略进行逃脱.对不同规避策略及不同工况进行仿真分析, 结果表明:逃逸航天器的机动能力达到追踪航天器的60%以上时,所提出的规避策略可有效规避追踪航天器的自主接近;规避策略对观测设备的测量精度和工作频率不敏感;规避效果与规避策略的响应时间有关, 逃逸航天器收到预警信息越早, 规避效果越好. 

SPACECRAFT EVASION STRATEGY USING ACTIVE MANEUVERS BASED ON MANEUVERING-TARGET ACCELERATION ESTIMATION

With the development of space control technology, the safety of spacecraft in orbit has been paid more and more attention. The autonomous approach of the spacecraft with active maneuverability to the target spacecraft is a serious threat to the safety of the spacecraft in orbit. In the close orbital pursuit-evasion (PE) game of spacecraft, the acquisition of relative position, velocity and acceleration is the basis of the PE game strategy of both sides. In the case of incomplete information acquisition by both sides, an evasion control strategy based on the filtering estimation of maneuvering target and the maximizing line-of-sight yaw rate is proposed. The escaper obtains navigation information such as the relative position, velocity, and acceleration of the chaser based on the current statistical model filtering algorithm, and the chaser obtains navigation information of the escaper also based on the current statistical model filtering algorithm. The chaser uses the proportional guidance law to approach the escaper autonomously. The escaper calculates the line-of-sight direction and line-of-sight yaw rate relative to the chaser, and uses an active evasion strategy based on maximizing the line-of-sight yaw rate to escape. The different evasion strategies and different operating conditions are simulated. The results show that when the maneuverability of the escaper reaches more than 60% of the chaser, the escaper can escape successfully by using the proposed evasion strategy; the evasion strategy is not sensitive to the measurement accuracy and operating frequency of observation equipment, and the effect of evasion strategy is related to the response time, the earlier the escaper receives the warning information, the better the evasion strategy will be.