基于风险理念的黄土滑坡调查与编图研究

滑坡风险管理在国外已成为缓减地质灾害损失的重要手段,我国(香港地区除外)在滑坡风险管理方面起步较晚,尚处于探索阶段,目前正在开展的地质灾害详细调查项目尚没有很好地采用国际上流行的风险管理的理念和技术方法。本文以国土资源大调查部署实施的延安市宝塔区地质灾害详细调查示范项目为例,借鉴国际滑坡和工程边坡联合技术委员会制订的《土地利用规划滑坡易发性、危险性、风险区划指南》^1] 及相关最新文献^2~7],剖析了《滑坡崩塌泥石流灾害详细调查规范》和地质灾害详细调查项目实施中存在的问题及其与风险管理之间的差距。认为我国目前开展的地质灾害详细调查总体上属于中比例尺,还没有达到详细比例尺; 调查精度包括了高精度、中精度和低精度3种精度层次。提出了基于GIS、DEM、RS、地面调查等技术方法的黄土滑坡调查与编图的工作思路和技术路线。从1 :5万滑坡调查与风险编图、1 :1万滑坡调查与风险编图、村镇及重要基础设施滑坡调查与风险评估、典型滑坡点风险调查与评估4个方面,总结了基于风险管理理念的延安市宝塔区黄土滑坡调查与风险编图实例,旨在为《滑坡崩塌泥石流灾害详细调查规范》的修编和地质灾害详细调查项目更好地实施提供借鉴。

RISK MANAGEMENT BASED LANDSLIDE INVESTIGATION AND MAPPING IN LOESS AREA

Landslide risk management has become one of the most important methods for landslide mitigation in the world. However, it starts relatively late and it is still in the initial stage in China (Hong Kong is an exceptional). The concept and techniques of landslide risk management widely used internationally have not been well implemented in the project of landslide investigation in China. This paper takes the project of landslide investigation at Baota district in Yanan city deployed by the land resources survey as an example. It analyzes the problem when doing the project about geohazards investigation, and the differences among the and the idea of risk management according to the "guidelines for landslide susceptibility hazard and risk zoning for land use planning" issued by JTC-1^1] and some new references. The landslide investigation implemented in China is medium scale and the investigation accuracy includes high, medium and low. A technical route and working thought about loess landslide investigation and mapping based on GIS, DEM, RS and ground survey is proposed. The study covers the four aspects including the landslide investigation and risk mapping at the scale of 1∶50000 and 1∶10000, the landslide investigation and risk mapping in villages, the important infrastructures and the representative landslides.The paper summarizes the loess landslide investigation and risk mapping methods at Baota district in Yanan city.