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Floquet bundles for scalar parabolic equations
Authors:Shui -Nee Chow  Kening Lu  John Mallet-Paret
Institution:(1) School of Mathematics Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332 Atlanta, Georgia;(2) Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, 84602 Provo, Utah;(3) Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, 02912 Providence, Rhode Island
Abstract:For linear scalar parabolic equations such as 
$$u_t  = u_{xx}  + a(t,x)u_x  + b(t,x)u$$
on a finite interval 0lExlEpgr, with various boundary conditions, we obtain canonical Floquet solutions u n (t, x). These solutions are characterized by the property that z(u n (t, x))=n for all tepsiRopf, where z(·) denotes the zero crossing (lap) number of Matano. The coefficients a(t, x) and b(t, x) are not assumed to be periodic in t, but if they are, the solutions u n (t, x) reduce to the standard Floquet solutions. Our results may naturally be expressed in the language of linear skew product flows. In this context, we obtain for each NgE1 an exponential dichotomy between the bundles span {u n (·,·)} n =1/N and 
$$\overline {span} \{ u_n ( \cdot , \cdot )\} _{n = N + 1}^\infty  $$
.
Keywords:
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