爆轰加载下银气溶胶源项实验研究

为研究钚气溶胶生成规律及源项分布，提出了一种密封环境下的金属气溶胶源项实验方法，利用爆炸容器及气溶胶采样器等实验设备，开展了钚替代材料银的气溶胶源项生成实验，分析了空气动力学直径小于10 μm的银气溶胶源项分布特性，并与外场扩散试验中钚气溶胶数据进行了对比。进一步采用不同炸药及加载装置，对相同银片样品进行加载实验，研究了加载峰值压力对银气溶胶源项分布的影响。研究结果表明，金属银可作为替代材料研究爆轰加载条件下钚气溶胶的源项参数，在一定实验条件下，二者归一化积累质量分布具有较高的一致性；爆轰加载产生的银气溶胶中，较小粒径气溶胶质量含量较高。气溶胶总量与加载峰值压力呈二次函数分布，当峰值压力超过某个临界值时，气溶胶总量将达到极值；此外，通过对同发次实验的3次不同采样数据进行分析，发现了较明显的气溶胶凝并和沉降现象。

Experimental research of silver aerosol source-term under explosive detonation

An experimental method in the confinement vessel for silver aerosol source-term investigation of metal under high explosive detonation was designed to simulate the plutonium aerosol source-term of nuclear devices under the circumstance of high explosive detonation. Seven silver source-term experiments under variable explosive pressure were conducted in the aerosol facility and the size distribution characteristics of the silver aerosol with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm were examined and compared with the data from the field test. The results show that the silver aerosol source-term under specific conditions has good agreement with the plutonium aerosol source-term obtained by the U. S. government under test conditions simulating an open-air detonation accident of nuclear device. The amount of the silver aerosolized in the experiment is determined by the peak value of high explosive pressure that acted on the silver plate and exhibited a quadratic polynomial. The silver aerosol with an aerodynamic diameter ranging from 0.7 to 3.3 μm account for the major part of the silver aerosol induced by high explosive detonation. When the peak value exceeds a certain critical value, the total amount of aerosol reaches the maximum. Settlement and combination of aerosol were observed in the comparative analysis of the size-mass distribution of the samples collected at different times after the explosion.