桥梁结构抗爆安全评估研究进展

随着恐怖袭击和偶发爆炸事故造成的桥梁爆炸事故不断增多，桥梁结构抗爆安全问题越来越受到关注。本文中系统总结了桥梁结构抗爆安全评估的研究进展，分析桥墩、桥面、桥索和桥塔爆炸载荷作用下桥梁的理论简化方法和结构的动力响应，和桥梁的连续性、冗余性和鲁棒性对结构连续性倒塌的影响，通过对建筑和桥梁抗连续倒塌的研究现状及相关规范的归纳，明确了桥梁连续倒塌的特性及现行桥梁设计方法的缺陷。而后，就承载能力评估、耐久性评估和适用性评估等桥梁安全评估问题的研究进展进行了梳理，并对桥梁爆破拆除技术和近地下爆炸对桥梁产生的响应和破坏作用进行分析，并针对当前研究的现状，分别提出建议。

Research advances of safety assessment of bridges under blast load

With the potential increase of terrorist attacks and blasting accidents, bridge safety has become a major public concern and greater attention is paid to the safety assessment of bridges under blast load. In this paper, the most recent research of bridges under blast load is systematically analyzed. Firstly, the simplified theories and dynamic response of pier, deck, cable and tower under blast load are sequentially analyzed and it has been demonstrated that the continuity, redundancy and robustness affect the progressive collapse of a bridge. Based on the review of the latest study on the progressive collapse of architecture and bridges and, in view of the relevant standards, the features of bridges' progressive collapse and shortages in the design methods are analyzed. Secondly, the recent study on bridge safety assessment, including load capacity evaluation, endurance evaluation and adaptability evaluation, is reviewed. Thirdly, a study of two specific blast problems of bridges, which are blasting demolition and dynamic response and damage of the bridge under near surface blast, is presented. Finally, suggestions are put forward aiming at rectifying the shortage in the recent bridge safety research