含能微球敏化乳化炸药水下爆炸能量输出特性研究

将内部含有烷烃的含能微球引入乳化基质，得到一种新型乳化炸药。采用水下爆炸实验探究微球质量分数对乳化炸药水下爆炸性能的影响，得到含能微球质量分数为0.2%～7%的乳化炸药水下爆炸冲击波压力-时程曲线。依据压力结果，通过公式计算和分析得到炸药的水下冲击波峰值压力、比气泡能、比冲击波能以及比爆炸能等水下爆炸参数。实验结果表明:含能微球质量分数0.2%的乳化炸药的峰值压力最大，并且随着微球质量分数增大而下降；乳化炸药的比气泡能随着含能微球质量分数的增大先上升再下降，微球质量分数为4%的比气泡能最大；乳化炸药的爆速、比冲击波能以及比爆炸能均随着含能微球质量分数的增大而下降。

Study on energy output characteristics of underwater explosion of energetic microballoon sensitized emulsion explosive

A new emulsion explosive was obtained by introducing energetic microballoons containing alkane into emulsion matrix. Energetic microballoons were foamed in a constant temperature environment of 90 ℃ for 5 min to reach the maximum volume, and then energetic microballoons were mixed with emulsion matrix to prepare emulsion explosive with the energetic microballoon contents from 0.2% to 7%. The detonation velocity of emulsion explosives with different microballoons was measured by detonation velocity meter. In a steel explosion vessel with a diameter of 5 m and a depth of 5 m, the explosives were placed at a depth of 3 m, which were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 m away from sensor. The underwater explosion pressure-time curve of emulsion explosive with microballoon contents from 0.2% to 7% was obtained through underwater explosion experiment. The parameters of underwater explosion, such as shock wave peak pressure, specific shock wave energy, specific bubble energy and specific explosion energy, were obtained by analysis and calculation, which was used to explore the influence of energetic microballoon contents on the underwater explosion property of explosive. The results show that the peak pressure of emulsion explosive with microballoon content of 0.2% is the largest and decreases with the increase of microballoon contents at the same testing distance. The specific bubble energy of emulsion explosive increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the microballoon contents, and the specific bubble energy is the largest when the microballoon content is 4%. The specific shock wave energy and specific explosion energy decrease as microballoon contents increase. The attenuation rate of underwater shock wave peak pressure is negatively correlated with propagation distance. However, the specific shock wave energy, special bubble energy and special explosion energy do not change with the increase of propagation distance.