载人空投着陆冲击下不同乘员姿态的损伤影响

针对某军用车辆在1 m高度进行无缓冲平台空投实验，并建立座椅与乘员的模拟模型。利用实验获取的座椅安装点冲击信号作为模拟模型的输入数据，并通过实验结果与模拟结果的对比验证了该模型的可靠性。借鉴航空工程相关研究，提出了一种将各关键损伤指标加以归一化的权重评价指标—加权损伤准则(weighted injury criteria，WIC)。研究了乘员仰卧角度和大小腿夹角两个姿态参数对乘员损伤的影响，并以WIC为优化目标，利用遗传算法完成参数优化工作。研究发现:对乘员小腿运动进行约束能降低乘员整体损伤响应，乘员对抗着陆冲击的最佳姿态为仰卧角47°～56°、大小腿夹角62°～68°。

Effects of different postures on crew damage under the impact of manned airdrop landing

For a military vehicle, an unbuffered platform airdrop test was performed at a height of 1 m. And a seat-crew model was built. The impact signals at the seat installation point were obtained by the test. The obtained signals were used as the input of the simulation model, and the reliability of the model was verified by comparing the test and simulation data. Based on the aeronautical engineering related research, a weight evaluation index named weighted injury criteria (WIC) was presented by normalizing each key damage index. The influence of two posture parameters, namely the crew’s supine angle and the angle between the calf and the thigh, on the crew’s injury was studied. With the WIC as the optimization target, the genetic algorithm was used to obtain the optimized parameters. The study finds that to restrain the motion of the crew’s calf can reduce his overall injury response. The optimal posture of the crew against the landing impact is the supine angle range from 47° to 56°, and the angle between the upper and lower legs is from 62° to 68°.