几种典型添加剂对硝酸铵抗爆性能的影响

选取几种典型添加剂加入硝酸铵，采用联合国隔板实验研究其加入量、混合方式等对硝酸铵抗爆性能的影响。实验结果表明添加氯化钾(KCl)、氯化钠(NaCl)和磷酸一铵(NH₄H₂PO₄)均有一定的抗爆效果，当KCl添加量为20%(机械混合)或15%(溶液混合)，NaCl添加量为35%(机械混合)或15%(溶液混合)，NH₄H₂PO₄添加量为25%(机械混合)或30%(溶液混合)时，硝酸铵在联合国隔板实验条件下均不再传播爆轰。对氯化物添加剂，采用溶液混合方式有利于添加剂与硝酸铵的混合均匀，因此该种方式效果更好；而对具有酸性的磷酸一铵，由于溶液混合的酸性能加速硝酸铵热分解，因此机械混合方式的抗爆效果更优。

Effects of typical additives on the anti-explosion performance of ammonium nitrate

Several typical additives were selected and added to ammonium nitrate (AN), and UN gap test was conducted to study the effects of the added amount and mixing method on the anti-explosion performance of AN. Experimental results obtained indicate improvement of certain anti-explosion performance on AN for potassium chlorate (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl) and monoammonium phosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄) added. When the added amount of KCl is 20% by mechanical mixing or 15% by solution mixing, that of NaCl is 35% or 15%, and that of NH₄H₂PO₄ is 25% or 30%, AN ceases to propagate detonation. As to the chloride additives, solution mixing can mix AN and additives more evenly, thus obtaining better anti-explosion performance. In addition, as the acidity of NH₄H₂PO₄ added to AN by solution mixing could accelerate thermal decomposition, better anti-explosion performance for that is also achieved by mechanical mixing.