几种铝锡硅铜合金的摩擦磨损特性

采用环－块摩擦磨损试验机，考察了含Ｓｉ质量分数为１％～５％的Ａｌ－２０Ｓｎ－Ｓｉ－１Ｃｕ合金及传统的Ａｌ－２０Ｓｎ－１Ｃｕ合金的摩擦磨损性能．结果表明：几种Ａｌ－２０Ｓｎ－Ｓｉ－１Ｃｕ合金的磨损率低于Ａｌ－２０Ｓｎ－１Ｃｕ合金的磨损率，并且随Ｓｉ含量的增加而降低．干摩擦时，摩擦因数随Ｓｉ含量的增加无明显变化；油润滑时摩擦因数则随Ｓｉ含量的增加而略微减小．两类合金的摩擦因数均随滑动速度的增加而减小，随摩擦时间的增加先增加后减小并趋于稳定．磨损表面的ＳＥＭ分析表明：Ａｌ－２０Ｓｎ－Ｓｉ－１Ｃｕ合金在干摩擦下的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损，而Ａｌ－２０Ｓｎ－１Ｃｕ合金则包括粘着、疲劳及磨粒磨损等多种形式．在油润滑下，两者的磨损机理则分别为犁削作用和疲劳磨损及分层磨损．

Friction and Wear Characteristics of Several Al-Sn-Si-Cu Alloys

The friction and wear characteristics of Al Sn Si Cu alloys with silicon content from 1 to 5% and conventional Al 20Sn 1Cu alloy were studied with a ring on block friction and wear tester at room temperature. The results show that the wear rates of Al 20Sn Si 1Cu alloys are lower than that of Al 20Sn 1Cu alloy and decrease with increase in silicon contents. The friction coefficient is dependent on lubrication condition, rotating speed, sliding time, and silicon content. The friction coefficient did not change obviously with silicon content in dry friction. It slightly decreased with increasing silicon content under oil lubrication. SEM observation of the worn surfaces shows that the wear mechanisms of Al 20Sn Si 1Cu alloys are mainly abrasive and oxidative wear in dry friction and plowing and microcutting under oil lubrication, that of Al 20Sn 1Cu alloy consists of adhesive wear, surface fatigue and abrasive wear in dry friction and fatigue and delamination wear under oil lubrication.