骨科植入物金属材料生物摩擦腐蚀研究进展

骨科植入物的生物摩擦腐蚀耦合行为对人工假体使用寿命有重要影响.本文作者概述了生物摩擦腐蚀耦合行为研究的试验方案和主要分类,其中按照摩擦方式不同,可将其分为磨粒磨损腐蚀、微动腐蚀、滑动(摩擦)腐蚀、模拟器仿真(摩擦)腐蚀等类型,分析了影响该行为的主要因素,包括摩擦、电化学、材料和溶液因素等.通过调研国内外文献,综述了钛合金、钴铬钼合金和不锈钢三种主要金属材料在微动腐蚀、滑动摩擦腐蚀和模拟器摩擦腐蚀三类损伤模式下的研究现状.接着介绍了钝化膜去除、磨屑颗粒产生和金属离子释放过程,以及摩擦腐蚀耦合损伤机理.最后总结未来应在假体真实工作环境模拟和再现、有机物(如白蛋白)等人体体液中特有物质对植入物耦合行为影响和其他假体如人工椎间盘生物摩擦腐蚀等三个方面开展深入研究.

Research Progress on Biotribocorrosion of Metal Material in Orthopedic Implants

The biotribocorrosion behaviors of orthopedic implants have an important effect on the service life of artificial prostheses. This study analyzed the experimental methods and types of biotribocorrosion as well as its main factors including lubrication, material, tribological and electrochemical factors. Based on the tribological testing method in the biotribocorrosion system, it can be divided into abrasion corrosion, fretting corrosion, sliding tribocorrosion and simulator biotribocorrosion. Especially, it reviewed the research progress on fretting corrosion, sliding corrosion and simulator tribocorrosion of titanium alloy, cobalt based alloy and stainless steel by researching the current literature. Then, it presented the removal process of passivation film, wear debris appearance and metal ion release as well as biotribocorrosion mechanism. Finally, it also summarized three research trends in the future including the biotribocorrosion simulation of the real working environment of implants, the effect of organic matter (such as albumin) on the biotribocorrosion behavior of implants and the biotribocorrosion behavior of artificial intervertebral disc.