一种冲击动应力的实验系统与结果分析

为探究以材料力学理论为基础的冲击动应力问题实际与理论结果的差别程度，设计开发了冲击动应力实验装置，并测量了重锤在不同冲击高度下冲击悬臂梁的动荷系数. 同时利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA 软件对同一问题进行了数值模拟. 动荷系数模拟结果与实验值的相对差不超过3.1%，与理论值相对差在14%～23%之间. 实验和数值模拟起到相互印证的作用. 这一结论加强了对冲击动应力问题的模型、理论和误差范围的理解，在实际应用中有助于对误差范围的判断.

AN IMPACT DYNAMIC STRESS EXPERIMENT DESIGN AND RESULT ANALYSIS

In order to understand the error rang of actual result and theory of impact loading problem, based on mechanics of materials principle, we designed an impact loading experimental setup. This setup consists of a cantilever and a falling body, and the impact factors were measured with the falling body striking the cantilever at different heights. For comparison, calculated impact factors were obtained by simulating the experiments using a soft ware ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The relative errors were respectly below 3% between the two group factors and 14%～23% between the tested results and theory results. The experimental and simulated results supported each other, indicating the validity of the experimental results. The results give a deep understanding of the model, theory and error of impact loading problem, which may be helpful to determine the error range in applications.