Confined colloidal crystals in and out of equilibrium |
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Authors: | A Reinmüller E C Oğuz R Messina H Löwen H J Schöpe T Palberg |
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Institution: | 1. Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universit?t Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany 2. Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universit?t Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany 3. Institut de Chimie, Physique et Matériaux (ICPM), Université de Lorraine, 1 Bd. Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 3, France 4. Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract: | Recent studies on confined crystals of charged colloidal particles are reviewed, both in equilibrium and out of equilibrium. We focus in particular on direct comparisons of experiments (light scattering and microscopy) with lattice sum calculations and computer simulations. In equilibrium we address buckling and crystalline multilayering of charged systems in hard and soft slit confinement. We discuss also recent crystalline structures obtained for charged mixtures. Moreover we put forward possibilities to apply external perturbations, in order to drive the system out of equilibrium. These include electrolyte gradients as well as the application of shear and electric fields. |
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