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Three-dimensional hybrid modeling based on a beam propagation method and a diffraction formula for an AWG demultiplexer |
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| Authors: | Daoxin Dai Liu Liu Sailing He |
| Institution: | aCentre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China bJoint Research Center of Photonics of the Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) & Zhejiang University, East Building No. 5, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China cDivision of Electromagnetic Theory, Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden dLaboratory of Photonics and Microwave Engineering, Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-16440 Kista, Sweden |
| Abstract: | An efficient and accurate three-dimensional (3D) hybrid modeling, which combines a 3D beam propagation method (BPM) and the two-dimensional (2D) Kirchhoff–Huygens diffraction formula, is developed to simulate the field propagation in an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) demultiplexer. The 2D Kirchhoff–Huygens diffraction formula is used for the simulation of the light propagation in the free propagation regions (FPRs). A 3D BPM in a polar coordinate system is used to simulate the light propagation in the transition region between the input FPR and the arrayed waveguides so that the coupling coefficients for the arrayed waveguides are calculated conveniently and accurately. For the simulation in the transition region between the arrayed waveguides and the output FPR, only the central arrayed waveguide and several adjacent ones are needed in the computational window of a standard BPM and thus the computation efficiency is improved. Finally, a flat-top AWG is designed and fabricated to verify the reliability of the present simulation method. The calculated and measured spectral responses are in a good agreement. |
| Keywords: | Arrayed waveguide grating Hybrid method Kirchhoff–Huygens diffraction Beam propagation method Polar coordinate Flat-top |
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