Electrical Current in Sinai Billiards Under General Small Forces |
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Authors: | Nikolai Chernov Hong-Kun Zhang Pengfei Zhang |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Mathematics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA 2. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
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Abstract: | The Lorentz gas of $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$ -periodic scatterers (or the so called Sinai billiards) can be used to model motion of electrons on a metal. We investigate the linear response for the system under various external forces (during both the flight and the collision). We give some characterizations under which the forced system is time-reversible, and derive an estimate of the electrical current generated by the forced system. Moreover, applying Pesin entropy formula and Young dimension formula, we get several characterizations of the non-equilibrium steady state of the forced system. |
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