深海大深度声传播特性及直达声区水下声源距离估计

深海大深度声传播特性对在深海近海底进行水声目标探测和定位具有重要意义。利用一次南海中南部深海不完全声道中的脉冲声传播实验数据,分析了海底附近大深度声传播损失及脉冲多途传播特性,并根据直达波和海底-海面反射波的时延差与收发距离的关系,提出一种利用深海直达声区脉冲多途到达时间进行水下声源距离估计的方法。结果表明:当接收器深度位于南海深海海底附近而声源深度较浅时,直达声区水平宽度可达30 km,传播损失相对影区来说较小,有利于水下声源探测;直达声区的直达波与海底-海面反射波的到达时延差随着收发距离的增大单调减小,可被用于水下声源距离估计。得到水下声源的距离估计结果与实验GPS测量结果较为一致,距离估计均方误差为0.28 km。 

The characteristics of sound propagation in deep water and underwater sound source ranging in the direct zone

The multiple-path sound propagation in deep water is conducive to bottom-based detection and localization of the underwater target.The transmission loss and broadband pulse multiple-path propagation characteristic from a deep receiver are analyzed using the experimental data achieved in the non-full deep water area of the South China Sea.And according to the relationship between the delay and the source range,a ranging estimation method is presented to localize the underwater target.The results indicate that the horizontal width of the direct zone is about 30 km and the transmission loss is less than that in shadow zone when a near-bottom receiver receives the signals from a shallower source,which are beneficial for underwater sound source detection.Moreover,the delay between the direct path and the bottom-surface reflected path on the deep receiver decreases monotonically with the source-reciever range,which can be used to estimate the range of underwater sound source.The underwater sound source range estimation results are consistent with the GPS measurement.And the mean square error of the range estimation results is 0.28 km.