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北极水声学研究的新进展和新动向
引用本文:李启虎,黄海宁,尹力,卫翀华,李宇,薛山花,栾经德.北极水声学研究的新进展和新动向[J].声学学报,2018,43(4):420-431.
作者姓名:李启虎  黄海宁  尹力  卫翀华  李宇  薛山花  栾经德
作者单位:1. 中国科学院声学研究所 北京 100190;
摘    要:北极水声学作为水声学研究的一部分,起步要比达·芬奇所描述的声呐雏形晚很多年。第二次世界大战后北极水声学的研究开始受到发达国家(主要是美国)的重视。它的发展和研究重点带有明显的冷战烙印。冷战结束之后,随着北极持续变暖的趋势,北极及其毗邻海域的海洋水声环境受到特别的重视。环北极的8个国家组成排他性的北极理事会。我国政府于2018年1月26日发表北极政策白皮书,声明中国是近北极国家,是北极地区利益攸关方。本文介绍北极水声学研究的新进展,包括我国有关涉海单位近年来所做的科考和学术研究。指出,北极水声学的研究不局限于把传统水声学中的研究内容(如环境噪声、混响、传播等等)并行地在北极环境条件下加以重复探讨,而是要根据北极海洋环境的实际情况,进行有关领域的新研究。其中不乏传统浅海、深海水声学研究中所不具有的特色,如冰-水界面、冰下的半声道效应、冰盖下水下无人载器(UUV)的通信、定位及声呐对冰下环境的适应性研究等课题。 

关 键 词:北极水声学    双声道波导    北极及其毗邻海域的环境噪声    混响    散射    声传播    声学海洋观测
收稿时间:2018-03-28

Progresses and advances in arctic underwater acoustic study
Institution:1. Institute of Aeoustic, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190;2. University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190;3. Naval Research Academy Beijing 100161
Abstract:As a part of underwater acoustics, the study and development of Arctic Acoustics is later than underwater acoustics about 50 years. After World War II, the study of Arctic acoustics attract many interests by the developed countries, especially USA. The research works obviously have some kinds of cold war brand. After the finish of cold war, with the gradually warming trend of Arctic area, the ocean&acoustic environment of Arctic and its neighbor area have been considerably concerned. The 8 countries of Arctic rim organized exclusive "Arctic council" in 1996. The white paper of "China Arctic Policy" is published in January 26, 2018, the Chinese government declares that China is a close Arctic country, and is the responsible stakeholder of Arctic interests. The new advances in Arctic research works are introduced in this paper, including the results of scientific survey and studies about Arctic underwater acoustics of Chinese researchers. It is showed that the Arctic underwater acoustical research area is not only parallel copy the topics what traditional underwater acoustic covered, e.g. environment noise, reverberation, and propagation, but also the topics which is specifically based oi1 the Arctic traditional shallow water, deep water acoustics, e effect, the communication and navigation of UUV equipment in the ice-covered environment, etc. environment. Some of these research fields cannot be included in the g. the in the ice-water interface feature, ice covered senti-acoustic channel adaptation of sonar technique 
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