X射线衍射进展简介

100年前,劳厄等证明X射线对硫酸铜晶体具有衍射能力，揭开了X射线衍射分析晶体结构的序幕.100年的发展，X射线衍射已经成为自然科学乃至医学、考古、历史学等众多学科发展的必备技术.文章介绍了X射线衍射现象的发现历史，X射线运动学和动力学理论的发展概况,并举例说明了X射线衍射在粉末多晶体、单晶体和人工功能晶体以及人工薄膜材料中的具体应用情况，最后简要展望了X射线衍射技术的发展前景.

The development of X-ray diffraction

One hundred years ago, Laue discovered the remarkable phenomenon of X-ray diffraction in a CuSO4 ·5H2O crystal, which gave rise to the new era of crystal structure determination based on X-ray diffraction. Over the past 100 years, this has played an important role in natural science, medicine, archeology, history and many other fields. This paper reviews the history of the discovery of X-ray diffraction, the fundamentals of kinematical and dynamical X-ray diffraction theory, as well as various specific applications in the study of polycrystalline powders, single crystals, artificial functional crystals, and thin film materials. Future prospects for the development of X-ray diffraction technology are briefly mentioned.