计算的量子飞跃

利用量子力学的迭加和纠缠等特性进行的量子计算是计算技术的巨大飞跃。它能够比经典计算远为有效地解决一些问题。例如最为著名的Ｓｈｏｒ的算法原则上能够以多项式的时间因子化大的合数，从而使得经典计算机难以计算的这一问题得以解决。文章介绍了至今所发现的主要量子算法的基本原理和步骤，并且概述了量子计算的优越性、现状和发展前景，同时讨论了量子计算在物理学上的应用和意义。

A QUANTUM LEAP IN COMPUTING

By exploiting quantum mechanical features such as super position and entanglement, quantum computing is a huge leap forward for computing technology. It can solve certain problems much more effectively than classical computing. For example, Shor's algorithm could in principle factor large composite integers in polynomial time, thus solving a problem that classical computers still find difficult to calculate. An introduction is given to the fundamental principles and processes of the main quantum algorithms discovered so far. The advantages, current progress and future prospects of quantum computing are mentioned. In addition, the applications and significance of quantum computing in physics are discussed.