地球磁场的物理问题

地磁学的发展经历了两千多年的历史，文章回顾了这一漫长历史的四个主要阶段，对每一阶段研究的基本物理问题和主要进展做了简要概述．地磁场的空间分布、地磁场起源、地磁场长期变化和西向漂移、磁极移动和极性倒转、地磁场与人类生存环境等，是地磁学的基本物理问题．文章还从物理概念、研究现状和地磁学以及相关学科当前存在的问题等几个方面对地磁学未来的发展趋势做了简要的说明．

Physical aspects of geomagnetic field

The long history of more than 2000 years of geomagnetism, including 4 periods, is reviewed. The major developments and issues in these periods are briefly summarized. The basic physical aspects in geomagnetism are addressed, including the spatial distribution of the Earth's magnetic field, the origin of its main magnetic field, its secular variation and westward drift, excursion of the magnetic poles, polarity reversal, and the relationship between the Earth's environment and the geomagnetic field. Several long\|standing problems and future developments of geomagnetism and related disciplines are discussed from their physical principles and present status quo.