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闪电物理
引用本文:庄洪春.闪电物理[J].物理,2002,31(12):789-795.
作者姓名:庄洪春
作者单位:中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心,北京,100080
基金项目:云南省科技计划项目 (批准号 :创新基金 2 0 0 1CX19)
摘    要:闪电物理研究的重点是地闪的研究,地闪的物理过程包括云中起闪过程,闪电传播过程及接地过程,在较大范围的云中强电场区内,两雨滴掠过碰撞形成的细丝顶端产生的电晕或冰类痧汽凝结物表面的电晕可能触发闪电;闪电在空气中的传输过程就是先导从电晕向电弧的转化过程;闪电落地过程的核心是上迎先导的形成及与下行先导的连接,闪电物理研究的重点在闪电落地过程,并应与雷电防护研究结合起来进行。

关 键 词:闪电物理  雷暴  雷击机理  地闪  放电现象  雷电防护
修稿时间:2001年11月14

THE PHYSICS OF LIGHTNING
Abstract:The main focus of research on lightning physics is cloud to ground lightnings including its initial formation in the clouds, propagation in the air and contact with ground structures. In a large cloud area with strong electric field, the corona at the tips of the water thread formed during passing collision between two raindrops or the corona on the surface of ice like hydrometerors will trigger lightning. The propagation of lightning in air is a transformation process from corona to electric arc. The key process is the formation of an upward leader from the ground structure and its joining up with the downward leader. Research physics should focus on the discharge to ground process, together with protective measures against lightning.
Keywords:lightning physics  thunder storm  strike mechanism
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