时间标度与甚早期宇宙疑难问题

注意到绝对时间和绝对温标分别是在牛顿第二定律和卡诺定理引理成立的前提下所确立的时标和温标,则引力理论方程与大统一理论的动力学方程,比如关于电磁学的麦克斯韦方程组,可能实际上也规定了两个不同的时标.大统一理论时标和引力时标之间在宇宙演化历史不同时期的差异也许能为最近的一些宇宙学观测提供合理的解释.文章将表明,如果两者之间存在合适的差异,则视界问题可以得到自然的解决而暗能量概念的引入也变得没有必要.考察距离观察者不同远近的双星体系中由引力行为决定的转动周期和由大统一理论决定的某个衰变动力学过程特征时间,比如来自X射线双星体系的X射线辐射,比照两者在宇宙不同历史时期的差异,或能为我们的猜想提供观测证据.

Time scales and their implication to some problems concerning the very early universe

In recognition of the fact that the absolute temperature and Newton' s absolute time only gain meaning with respect to the physical laws wherein they are introduced and thus defined, we speculate that the theory of gravitation and the grand unified theory may imply two differing time scales that might manifest their difference in the history of the Universe. With a proper incongruity between the two time scales, the horizon problem may find a solution in a rather natural way, and the concept of dark energy may become dispensable. A mutual reference of the period of revolution for a binary star system versus the decay time of some physical processes thereon governed by the grand unified theory, say the X-ray emission from X-ray binaries, and measured in such a system at various distances from now, is anticipated to provide an observational verification to the speculation.