Stabilization of biosolids with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) |
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Authors: | Xiao-qin Li Derick G Brown Wei-xian Zhang |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Advance Materials and Nanotechnology, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, 13 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA |
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Abstract: | Biosolids are the treated organic residuals, also known as sludge, that are generated from domestic wastewater treatment plants.
According to the USEPA, over 7 millions tons (dry weight) of biosolids are generated every year in the US by more than the
16,000 wastewater treatment plants and a large portion of these biosolids is disposed on land. Nuisance odors, the potential
of pathogen transmission, and presence of toxic and persistent organic chemicals and metals in biosolids have for the most
part limited the use of land applications. This paper presents zero-valent iron nanoparticles (1–100 nm) for the treatment
and stabilization of biosolids. Iron nanoparticles have been shown to form stable and nonvolatile surface complexes with malodorous
sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl sulfides, degrade persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs and chlorinated
pesticides, and sequestrate toxic metal ions such as mercury and lead. The end products from the nanoparticle reactions are
iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, similar to the ubiquitous iron minerals in the environment. Due to the large surface area and
high surface reactivity, only a relatively low dose (<0.1% wt) of iron nanoparticles is needed for effective biosolids stabilization.
The iron nanoparticle technology may thus offer an economically and environmentally sustainable and unique solution to one
of the most vexing environmental problems. |
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Keywords: | biosolids metal nanoparticle iron wastewater odor sulfide environment EHS |
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