Generation of the third harmonic of near IR femtosecond laser radiation tightly focused into the bulk of a transparent dielectric in the regime of plasma formation

The generation of the third harmonic of femtosecond laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.24 μm tightly focused into the bulk of fused silica was simulated numerically for the regime with light intensity of 3 × 10¹³ W/cm², which is extreme for solid bodies. The efficiency of third harmonic generation (THG) was found to be restricted to 0.1% in the regime of plasma formation. This is determined by two competitive processes: a decrease of THG efficiency due to an increase of wave detuning and an increase of THG efficiency due to a growth of focusing asymmetry. In an isotropic medium, determination of the threshold of plasma formation by use of the third harmonic signal is shown to be a more sensitive method as compared with the standard scheme of nonlinear transmittance detection.