大气温度分布特性及对折射率结构常数的影响

影响大气湍流运动强弱和时空结构的因子比较复杂，大气中平均流场和大气温度的分布都是不均匀的，特别是沿垂直方向的大气温度分布，决定着垂直方向的热力不稳定性和湍流的强弱。观测事实表明，随着季节和天气条件的不同，大气温度垂直分布有很大的变化。通过对我国安徽合肥地区整层(0～20km)大气温度的观测资料的分析，得到了大气温度的垂直分布廓线和统计特性模式误差廓线；大气折射率结构常数Cn^2是表示大气光学湍流强度的一个重要参量，但大气折射率的测量较为困难，因此通常先测量温度起伏量，再用平均的温度和气压来计算得到Cn^2。通过对温度和气压模式误差的分析，可以计算得到Cn^2结果的误差，重点分析大气温度分布特性及由此带来的模式误差，并讨论其对计算Cn^2的影响。

Profile and Character of Atmospheric Temperature

The factors that affect turbulence and space-time structure are comparatively complex, the distribution of average stream and atmospheric temperature is not uniform. Especially, the vertical distribution of temperature decides caloric instability in vertical and size of turbulence. It is shown by observated results that the vertical profile of temperature T is changed by the different season and weather condition. The vertical profile of temperature and mode error is gained with balloon borne instrument in Hefei (0～20 km). The atmospheric structure of refractive index C2n is a important parameter denoting turbulence. But, measuring of atmospheric refractive index is quite difficult, so usually the variation of temperature is measured and C2n is gained by average temperature and air pressure. An anslysis of mode error of temperature and air pressure is performed for the mode error of C2n. An analysis is performed for the vertical distribution of temperature T and the mode error. Also, the relationship of C2n and temperature T is discussed. And the effect of counting structure constant of refractive index C2n by mode error is also discussed.