纵横波测已紧固螺栓轴向应力

本提出了用纵横波声时测已紧固螺栓轴向应力的一种新方法，解决了用超声精确地测已紧固螺栓应力问题，并且利用超声波沿轴向传播的波速同轴向应力以及三阶弹性常数的关系导出了螺栓应力同其材料声速特性、夹紧距离、温度及纵、横波声时的一种新关系，考虑了受应力作用时温度对声速的影响，简化了测量及计算过程，本还介绍了材料的声速特性实验及测量方法；实验结果表明应力低于２５０ＭＰａ，夹紧距离大于３０ｍｍ时，应力超声测

The measurement of the stress in a tightened bolt by the ultrasonic longitudinal and transverse waves

This paper presents a new method measuring the axial stress by the transit time of longitudinal waves and transverse wave in the tight bolt; It solves that the stress in the tight bolt is measured more accurately by ultrasonic. It deduces a new relationship of the stress, the characteristics of ultrasonic velocity of material, the clamping distance, the transit time of longitudinal waves and transverse wave and the temperature by use of the relationship between the velocity of ultrasonic transiting along the axial direction, the axial stress and the elastic constants; It is taken into account that the temperature affects the ultrasonic velocity under the action of the stress. This method simplifies the measurement and the calculation process. The paper also introduces the experiment and test method of characteristic of ultrasonic velocity of bolt material. The experimental results show that the error of stress is less than 10MPa when the clamping distance is more than 30mm and the stress is less than 250MPa.