使用者的社会因素对地下商业街主观响度和声舒适度影响的调查研究

前人研究表明主观响度和声舒适度由实际环境中的众多因素决定,而不是仅受声压级的影响。本文在对地下商业街声场和声源特性进行调查与分析的基础上,针对使用者的社会因素对主观响度和声舒适度的影响,在哈尔滨的几个典型地下商业街进行了大量问卷调查,并运用相关统计方法对结果进行了分析。研究表明,收入和职业与主观响度存在相关性,相关系数在0.1～0.4之间,学历、收入和职业与主观声舒适度亦存在相关性,相关系数在0.1～0.6之间。虽然性别对主观响度和主观声舒适度无显著性影响,但是女性对这两者的主观感觉评分范围比男性宽。年龄段与主观响度和声舒适度的相关性不显著,但是不同地下商业街有的年龄段对主观响度和声舒适度的感受有区别。职业对于主观声舒适度的影响的本质是源于收入和学历对于主观声舒适度的作用,并且收入对于主观声舒适度的影响要大于学历的影响。这些结果可以增加对地下商业街声景的了解,并且为建立地下商业街声景预测模型提供了基础。

Field study on the influence of users' social qualities on the evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort in underground shopping streets

It has been demonstrated in previous studies by the authors and by other researchers that the evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort depends on a series of factors in context,rather than only on sound pressure levels.In this study,an analysis of sound sources and sound fields in underground shopping streets has been carried out and a large scale subjective survey has been undertaken in several underground shopping streets in Harbin,China,to determine how users’ social characteristics influence their evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort.The results show that the subjective loudness is influenced by income and occupation,with correlation coefficients of about 0.1～0.4.The evaluation of acoustic comfort is influenced by income,education level and occupation,with correlation coefficients of 0.1～0.6. The effect of gender on the evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort is statistically insignificant,although females have a wider range of evaluation scores.The correlations between age and the evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort are not significant,although between certain age groups there are considerable differences.The effects of occupation are mainly caused by the differences in education level and income,and the effects of income are greater than that of education level.The above results can enhance the knowledge of soundscapes in underground shopping streets,and they also form a good basis for prediction models for soundscapes in underground shopping streets.