单矢量水听器估计目标方位的方法与实验

为评估基于单矢量水听器的方位估计能力，在黄海海域对矢量水听器进行实验。矢量水听器吊放于接收船尾部，采用平均声强器和复声强器方位估计方法，并提出以概率密度值最大的方位角作为目标方位估计值的具体处理准则，对恒定方向、匀速行驶的目标船方位进行估计，并求出两种方法的方位估计误差。结果表明，水听器布放深度10 m时，对正横距离为0.42 km的航速10 kn的目标船，平均声强器方法的水平方位角估计误差18°，极角估计误差为5°，可以在离目标船最远1.17 km处估计其方位；复声强法的水平方位角估计误差为13°，极角估计误差为8°，可以在离目标船最远2.35 km处估计其方位。在有接收船的噪声干扰情况下，复声强器比平均声强器方法估计的方位更准确，可以对更远处的噪声源进行方位估计。

An experiment on azimuth estimation of target by single vector hydrophone

The capability of azimuth estimation with a combined co-vibrating vector hydrophone was tested in Yellow Sea. The vector hydrophone was dipped by the receiving vessel to estimate the azimuth of the target vessel which sailing uniformly in a straight line. The azimuth estimation methods are based on acoustic intensity averager and complex acoustic intensity method. Using the azimuth with maximum probability density as the azimuth estimate valuation criteria, the error of estimated azimuth based on these two methods is calculated. The vector hydrophone is dipped 10 m under water. With the noise of the receiving vessel, the estimated error of horizontal angle and polar angle based on acoustic intensity averager are 18 and 5 degree, respectively, and the maximum distance of azimuth estimation is 1.17 km, the estimated error of horizontal angle and polar angle based on complex acoustic intensity method are 13 and 8 degree, respectively, and the maximum distance of azimuth estimation is 2.35 km. In the case of the receiving vessel noise interference, the complex acoustic intensity method is stronger than the acoustic intensity averager.