一种基于序贯估计的直达声区水面舰船 被动测距方法 *

该文利用基于射线的盲解卷积方法，从直达声区的水面舰船噪声中提取出船和锚系于海底的垂直接收阵之间的时域信道响应，并利用直达波在不同阵元相对于参考阵元的到达时间差，通过序贯方法，利用射线模型和声速剖面信息，对水面舰船距接收阵的距离进行了估计。通过处理海深约为580 m的2016年美国圣巴巴拉海峡的实验数据，对1.6~3.5 km直达声区范围内Anna Maersk商船与垂直阵之间的距离进行了估计，验证了测距方法的有效性，并将结果与系统测量值和几何方法的估计值进行了比较。由于该方法不需要对海底参数进行估计，所以在海底参数未知时要优于传统匹配场方法；在声速剖面存在跃层且海底为多层分布的复杂信道条件下，该方法仍能对距离进行有效估计，且与测量值的相对误差在6%以内，小于几何方法的估计误差，测距结果精度较高。

Passive tracking of a surface ship in the direct zone using sequential parameter estimation

To investigates the performance of passive tracking of a surface ship in the direct zone by using sequential parameter estimation, the ray-based blind deconvolution (RBD) method is employed to extract the time domain channel impulse response (CIR) between the surface ship and the bottom-moored vertical line array (VLA). Then the relative direct ray-path arrival times at different VLA elements in the CIR, the ray-tracing model, and the sound speed profile are employed in the sequential model to estimate the ship-VLA distances. The experimental data of the 2016 Santa Barbara Channel with a water depth of about 580 m and a multi-layer bottom is processed. As this method does not take into consideration of the geoacoustic parameters, which is an advantage over conventional matched-field method, it effectively estimates the source-receiver distances in a waveguide with multi-layer bottom and a thermocline sound speed profile. The distances between the Anna Maersk container ship and the VLA in the direct zone range of 1.6-3.5 km are estimated. The estimation results show good agreement with the measured data (with a less than 6% relative error) and have less error than the geometric estimations.