城市历史街区声景观及视听感知实验研究*

城市历史街区声景观是空间环境的重要内容,直接影响人们的感知体验。论文以济南老城泉水街区为例研究城市历史街区的声景观并进行视听感知实验。结果表明,现场声元素喜好度显著高于实验室单听评价。鸟鸣、鹅叫声在现场和实验室评分都较高,大流速流量水景声在现场评分高而实验室评分低,小流速流量水景声在实验室和安静环境中评分较高,在吵闹环境中评分较低;声环境满意度与视觉景观优美度、声源组成喜好度、安静度之间存在显著正相关关系,与环境声压级存在显著负相关关系,但当较高的环境声压级主要由水声贡献时,声环境满意度明显提高;应从提高景观优美度、优化声源组成、降低环境声压级等方面进行声景观设计。论文为声元素喜好度和声环境满意度研究提供参考。

Experimental study on soundscape and audio-visual perception of urban historic district

The soundscape of urban historic district is an important content of space environment,which directly affects people’s perception experience.Taking the Spring Water Historical District in the old city of Jinan as an example,the historical district soundscape was studied.Audiovisual perception experiments were conducted.It was found that sound element preferences evaluated on site were significantly higher than that evaluated in laboratory.The scores of bird song and goose call were higher in the field and laboratory.The sound of large flow rate waterscape had a high score in the field and a low score in the laboratory.The sound of small flow rate waterscape had high score in the laboratory and quiet environment,and low score in the noisy environment.There were significant positive correlations between the sound environment satisfaction and visual landscape gracefulness,source composition preference,quietness.There was a significant negative correlation between the sound environment satisfaction and sound pressure level.However,when the higher sound pressure level is mainly contributed by the waterscape sound,the sound environment satisfaction was significantly improved.Then soundscape design should be carried out from the aspects of improving landscape gracefulness,optimizing sound source composition and reducing environmental sound pressure level.The paper provides reference for the study of sound element preference and sound environmental satisfaction.