瓦状阻尼橡胶块对高铁车轮减振降噪的影响分析

依据声学测试标准,为了评价某型高铁车轮在安装不同形式橡胶块装置后的减振降噪效果,在半消声室内基于B&K振动噪声测试分析系统,对裸轮和橡胶块车轮开展振动声辐射室内测试实验,并基于有限元方法对车轮模态进行了仿真分析。测试结果可知:相比裸轮,WA、WB车轮模态阻尼比显著增加,车轮的减振效果明显,其中WA车轮的减振效果略优于WB车轮。径向激励下,WA车轮声功率级降低了8 dB(A),WB车轮声功率级降低了5.5 dB(A);轴向激励下,WA车轮声功率级降低了8.2 dB(A),WB车轮声功率级降低了6.2 dB(A)。分析可知橡胶块装置能有效抑制车轮的滚动噪声和曲线啸叫,对车轮的减振降噪有积极作用。

Analysis of influence of imbricated damping rubber block on vibration and noise reduction of high-speed railway wheels

Based on the acoustic test standard, in order to evaluate a certain type of high speed rail wheel in the installation of different forms of rubber damping noise reduction effect of the block device, in a semi-anechoic laboratory based on B&K vibration noise test and analysis system, the bare wheel and rubber wheel indoor test for acoustic radiation experiments, and based on the finite element method of modal simulation analyzed. The test results show that, compared with the bare wheel, the modal damping ratio of WA wheel and WB wheel is significantly increased, and the damping effect of the wheel is obvious, among which the damping effect of WA wheel is slightly better than that of WB wheel. Under radial excitation, the sound power level of WA wheel decreased by 8 dB(A), and that of WB wheel decreased by 5.5 dB(A). Under axial excitation, the sound power level of WA wheel decreases by 8.2 dB(A) and that of WB wheel by 6.2 dB(A). The analysis shows that the rubber block device can effectively suppress the rolling noise and curve noise of the wheel, has a positive effect on the vibration and noise reduction of the wheel.