四川平通512地震地表破裂带土壤近红外光谱分析及意义

在四川省平武县平通镇的512地震地表破裂带中采集黄色土壤样品，采用现代近红外光谱分析技术进行分析测试。通过对土壤中的矿物微粒特征吸收峰的快速鉴别，表明土壤样品主要由方解石、白云石、白云母、绢云母、伊利石、蒙脱石、滑石、透闪石、阳起石、绿泥石等矿物组成，其矿物成分与四川地区分布的黄壤成分基本一致。分析对比发现，土壤中的部分矿物与破裂带下部岩体的矿物组成特征相符合，说明该破裂带中的部分土壤矿物的演化与该地区岩石的矿物组成密切相关;地表破裂带土壤中的粘土矿物组成与北方的马兰黄土相似，推测这两种土壤中的粘土矿物可能具有相似的成因。研究结果说明近红外土壤矿物的分析技术可以有效分析土壤中的矿物微粒、指示成土环境，从而论证了将近红外光谱分析技术应用于土壤矿物的快速分析、地质研究的可行性。同时研究结果可以成为该地区土壤矿物分析的基础，为以后的土壤矿物以及地震破裂带的研究提供新的思路和方法。

Near Infrared Spectrum Analysis and Meaning of the Soil in 512 Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone in Pingtong,Sichuan

Through modern near infrared spectrum, the authors analyzed the yellow soil from the rupture zone located in Pingtong town，Pingwu, Sichuan province. By rapid identification of the characteristic of peak absorption of mineral particles, the result shows that the soil samples mainly composed of calcite, dolomite, muscovite, sericite, illite, smectite, talc, tremolite, actinolite, chlorite, etc. And the mineral compositions of the soil is basically the same with the yellow soil in Sichuan region. By analyzing and comparing it was revealed that part of mineral compositions of the soil are in accordance with the characteristics of the rock mineral compositions below the rupture zone, indicating that part of the minerals of the soil’s evolution is closely related to the rock compositions in this area; and the compositions of the clay mineral in the rupture zone is similar to the Ma Lan loess in the north of China, so it is presumed that the clay minerals in these two kinds of soil have the same genetic type. The characteristic of the mineral composition of the soil is in accordance with evolution characteristics of the rocks which is bellow the rupture zone, also it was demonstrated that the results of soil minerals near-infrared analysis can effectively analyze the mineral particles in the soil and indicate the pedogenic environment. Therefore, the result shows the feasibility of adopting modern near-nfrared spectrum for rapid analysis of mineral particles of the soil and research of geology. Meanwhile, the results can be the foundation of this region’s soil mineral analysis, and also provide new ideas and methods for the future research of soil minerals and the earthquake rupture zone.