一种海面水包油溢油量等效评估算法的研究

水包油乳化液的溢油量是海面溢油污染评估分析的一个重要指标。激光诱导荧光(LIF)是目前海面溢油遥感探测领域一项最好的技术之一。基于LIF探测技术的海面水包油溢油量的评估目前尚无一套有效且完整的算法。鉴于此，首先设计了一种水包油乳化液溢油量的等效评估模型：将水包油乳化液中分散相油滴假设聚集为漂浮在海面上的成片油膜，如此就将水包油乳化液溢油量的评估问题转化为具有相同荧光效果的等效模型中油膜厚度的估测问题；其次基于LIF探测机理和荧光辐射传输过程，建立了LIF系统接收的荧光信号方程，进而反演求得油膜厚度的计算公式；最后选择具有代表性的重质、轻质两种油品，通过仿真实验验证了等效模型的正确性和将探测的水包油乳化液的荧光信号强度通过等效算法求取了油膜厚度，并对等效误差进行了分析，得出了等效评估算法的适用条件：即当水包油乳化液的实际溢油厚度≤其荧光平稳时的最小溢油厚度时，本文的等效评估算法具有较高精度，其平均误差在8%以内；而当实际溢油厚度＞荧光平稳时的最小溢油厚度时，等效评估误差增大，其平均值超出25%。另外，采用本文算法对重质、轻质水包油乳化液的溢油量进行等效评估时，实际溢油厚度分别不大于2和16 μm时可得到较好估测结果。所以，本文研究内容对基于LIF技术探测的海面水包油乳化液的溢油量评估是一种可行和有借鉴意义的方法。

Research on an Equivalent Evaluation Algorithm for the Oil Spill Volume of Oil-in-Water Emulsion on the Sea Surface

The oil spill volume of the oil-in-water emulsion is an important indicator for evaluating and analysing oil spill pollution on the sea surface. Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) is currently one of the most distinguished technologies in remote sensing detection of oil spills on the sea. Currently, there is no effective and complete algorithm for assessing the oil spill volume of oil-in-water emulsion on the sea surface based on LIF detection technology. In view of this, firstly, an equivalent evaluation model of the oil spill volume of oil-in-water emulsion is designed: the dispersed phase oil droplets in the oil-in-water emulsion are assumed to gather into a piece of oil film floating on the sea surface, so the evaluation of the oil spill volume of oil-in-water emulsion is transformed into the estimation of oil film thickness in the equivalent model with the same fluorescence effect; Secondly, based on LIF detection mechanism and fluorescence radiation transmission process, the equation of fluorescence signal received by LIF system is established, furthermore, the calculation formula of oil film thickness is obtained by inversion; Finally, two representative heavy and light oils are selected, the correctness of the equivalent model is verified by simulation experiments, simultaneously, the fluorescence signal intensity of the detected oil-in-water emulsion was calculated by the equivalent algorithm to obtain the oil film thickness and the error analysis was carried out, and then the applicable conditions of the equivalent evaluation algorithm are obtained: that is, when the actual oil spill thickness of oil-in-water emulsion is less than or equal to the minimum oil spill thickness when its fluorescence is stable, the equivalent evaluation algorithm in this paper has high accuracy, and its average error is less than 8%; Nevertheless when the actual oil spill thickness is greater than the minimum oil spill thickness when the fluorescence is stable, the equivalent evaluation error increases, and the average value exceeds 25%. Meanwhile, when using the algorithm in this paper to evaluate the oil spill volume of heavy and light oil-in-water emulsions, better estimation results can be acquired when the actual oil spill thickness is not greater than 2 and 16 μm, respectively. Therefore, the research content of this paper is a feasible method to evaluate the oil spill volume of oil-in-water emulsion on the sea surface based on LIF technology.