水源性病原菌光谱检测技术研究进展

水源性病原菌污染会引发多种疾病，严重危害人类健康和公共卫生安全。水源性病原菌检测对人类医疗保健、水安全保障和疾病诊断等具有重要的意义。常规水源性病原菌检测技术，如人工培养法、分子生物法和免疫学法，其测量结果准确、有效，但样品预处理繁琐且费时，不利于病原菌实时在线检测。光谱检测技术以非侵入式获取病原菌发射、散射或吸收光谱特征，能够确定病原菌性质、结构和含量等信息。由于该技术具有易于操作、快速、便携、无损和便于实时监测等优点，在环境监测、生物分析中具有广泛的应用前景。文章介绍了现有水源性病原菌检测技术及其优缺点，指出开展病原菌快速、高效检测的必要性；讨论了光谱检测技术原理及数据分析方法，重点综述了紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和太赫兹光谱在水源性病原菌检测的工作原理和研究进展；最后总结了各技术的优缺点。提出了光谱技术在病原菌检测的实际应用中面临的挑战及应对策略，为进一步发展基于光谱技术的水源性病原菌的快速检测提供参考。

Research Progress of Spectroscopy Detection Technologies for Waterborne Pathogens

Waterborne pathogenic bacteria contamination can cause various diseases, seriously endangering human health and public health security. Waterborne pathogen detection is important to human health care, water safety and disease diagnosis. Conventional waterborne pathogen detection techniques, such as artificial culture, molecular biology and immunology, are accurate and effective, but sample pre-treatment is cumbersome and time-consuming, not conducive to real-time online detection of pathogenic bacteria. Spectral detection technology to non-invasive access to pathogenic bacteria emission, scattering or absorption spectral characteristics, able to determine the nature, structure and content of pathogenic bacteria and other information. Due to the advantages of easy operation, rapidity, portability, non-destructiveness and ease of real-time monitoring, this technique has many application prospects in environmental monitoring and bioanalysis. The article introduces the existing waterborne pathogen detection techniques and their advantages and disadvantages, points out the necessity of rapid and efficient detection of pathogenic bacteria; discusses the principles of spectroscopic detection techniques and data analysis methods, focusing on the working principles and research progress of UV/Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopy in the detection of waterborne pathogenic bacteria; finally summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The challenges and strategies for the practical application of spectroscopic techniques in detecting pathogenic bacteria are presented to provide a reference for further development of rapid detection of waterborne pathogens based on spectroscopic techniques.