陕西战国秦墓出土玻璃和汉紫六博棋子分析研究

利用超景深显微镜（OM）、激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、扫描电子显微镜能谱(SEM-EDS)、色度仪等多种手段，对陕西战国秦墓出土的两种质地、颜色不同的六博棋子进行了综合分析检测。鉴定出蓝色样品为铅钡玻璃，紫色样品为中国紫制品，发现了中国紫在战国时期的新用途。并对比陕西出土的铅钡玻璃制品与两湖、四川地区出土的同时代的铅钡玻璃制品在成分组成上的差异，推测战国时期铅钡玻璃的制作工艺已成熟，可根据器物形制的需求进行不同的成分配比。同时，还发现当时的玻璃制作已有旧料重熔制作新器的现象。在确定中国紫成分的基础上，利用色度计进行色度测试，根据光谱数据，首次为人造硅酸铜钡颜料确定了特征光谱峰，使快速、无损的对人造硅酸铜钡颜料的鉴定识别成为可能。

Technological Analysis of the Chess Pieces of Liubo Uncovered From the Warring States Tomb in Shaanxi Province

Multiple methods composed of three-dimensional ultra-depth of field video microscope, laser Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer, and colorimeter were applied to analyse the composition and microstructures of two kinds of Liubo chess pieces with different textures and colors uncovered from the tomb of Warring States period in Shaanxi province. The blue samples were identified as lead-barium glass, and the purple samples were Chinese Purple products. Moreover,a new kind of product of Chinese Purple in the Warring States period was discovered. The composition of lead-barium and the glass products of the samperiod recovered from Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan was also compared. It is speculated that the fabrication of lead-barium glass in the Warring States period has matured, and different composition ratios can be carried out according to the needs of the shape of the objects. What’s more, glass production also had the phenomenon of remelting old materials to make new ones. Based on determining the composition of Chinese Purple, the colorimeter was used to get spectral data, according to which the characteristic spectral peaks were determined for the artificial copper barium silicate pigment for the first time. It is possible to identify this kind of pigment rapidly and non-destructively.