食品中三聚氰胺的光谱检测与分析技术研究进展

三聚氰胺是豆、乳类制品中的非法食品添加剂，曾作为蛋白质的廉价代替物被非法添加进奶粉等食品中，造成了严重的社会危害，极大地威胁人民生命财产安全。目前光谱技术已成为识别和定量检测非法食品添加剂的有效手段，为质量监管部门提供了可靠的研究方法和鉴定依据。光谱检测技术的时效性、无损性和准确性提高了食品中三聚氰胺的检测效率，促进了精准化、自动化食品质量检测的发展。近年来有大量研究围绕着三聚氰胺的光谱检测新技术，如开发新型增强底物或传感器，降低三聚氰胺的检测限，提高检测精度；开发更加便携的自动化光谱快检设备，降低检测成本，提高检测效率。这些光谱技术各具优势，但很难形成标准化、统一化的检测规范，使得各种光谱检测技术仅仅停留在试验阶段，无法应用于实战。另一方面，随着人工智能与模式识别技术的发展，光谱数据分析方法在近年来也有着长足的进步，各种光谱预处理和数据建模方法被不断提出，大大提高了光谱检测技术的灵敏性和稳定性。综述了近十年光谱技术（拉曼光谱、近红外光谱、荧光光谱、光谱成像等）在三聚氰胺检测中的应用现状，总结了不同仪器检测限、定量范围和样品前处理方法；分析了各种光谱预处理和光谱数据建模方法在不同光谱数据中的适用性，归纳出这些方法的优劣与适配的仪器，并对其应用前景和研究趋势进行了展望。

Application Progress of Spectral Detection Technology of Melamine in Food

Melamine is an illegal food additive in beans and dairy products. As a cheap substitute for protein, melamine was illegally added into milk powder and other foods, causing serious social harm and greatly threatening the safety of people’s lives and property. At present, spectral technology has become an effective means to identify and quantitatively detect illegal food additives, which provides a reliable research method and identification basis for the quality supervision department. The timeliness, non-destructive and accuracy of spectral detection technology improve the detection efficiency of melamine in food and promote the development of accurate and automated food quality detection. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on the spectral detection of melamine, such as the development of new enhanced substrates or sensors to reduce the detection limit of melamine and improve the detection accuracy; Develop more portable automatic spectrum rapid detection equipment, reduce the detection cost and improve the detection efficiency. These spectral technologies have their advantages, but it is difficult to form a standardized and unified detection specification, making all kinds of spectral detection technologies only stay in the experimental stage and can not be applied to actual combat. On the other hand, with artificial intelligence and pattern recognition technology, spectral data analysis methods have made great progress in recent years. Various spectral preprocessing and data modeling methods have been proposed, which greatly improves the sensitivity and stability of spectral detection technology. The application status of spectral techniques (Raman spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, spectral imaging, etc.) in the detection of melamine in recent ten years was reviewed. The detection limits, quantitative ranges and sample pretreatment methods of different instruments were summarized; The applicability of various spectral preprocessing and spectral data modeling methods in different spectral data is analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the suitable instruments are summarized, and their application prospects and research trends have prospected.